Title:	Microwave-optical double-resonance vector magnetometry with warm Rb atoms
Authors:	Babaei, Bahar Smith, Benjamin D Tretiakov, Andrei Narayanan, Andal LeBlanc, Lindsay J
Issue Date:	4-May-2026
Publisher:	AIP Publishing
Citation:	Applied Physics Letters, 2026, Vol. 128 (18), AR No. 184003
Abstract:	Atomic systems offer opportunities for noninvasive, accurate vector magnetometers that operate at ambient temperature and are conducive to miniaturization. Here, we demonstrate an unshielded three-axis vector magnetometer whose operation is based on the angle-dependent relative amplitude of cavity-enhanced magneto-optical double-resonance features in a room-temperature atomic ensemble. We determine the vector magnetic field value by sweeping the microwave frequency across all Zeeman sublevels and measuring optical transmission at seven double-resonance features, whose amplitudes vary as the orientation of the external static magnetic field (⁠ ~ Bext) changes with respect to the optical and microwave field polarization directions. Due to the complex dynamics of optical pumping and broadening mechanisms in the Doppler-broadened ensemble, we use a convolutional neural network model to account for details in our measurement spectra; this analysis determines the magnetic field direction with an accuracy of 1° and its amplitude with an accuracy of 56 nT measured at the near-Earth-field value of 50 μT.
Description:	Restricted Access. An open-access version is available at arXiv.org (one of the alternative locations)
URI:	http://hdl.handle.net/2289/8715
ISSN:	1077-3118
Alternative Location:	https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2507.08791 https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0323832
Copyright:	AIP Publishing
Appears in Collections:	Research Papers (LAMP)

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