Title:	Launching of hot gas outflow by disc-wide supernova explosions
Authors:	Vasiliev, Evgenii O. Shchekinov, Yuri Nath, Biman B.
Keywords:	shock waves – ISM bubbles – galaxies ISM
Issue Date:	Jul-2019
Publisher:	Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society
Citation:	Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 2019, Vol.486, p3685–3696
Abstract:	Galactic gas outflows are driven by stellar feedback with dominant contribution from supernova (SN) explosions. The question of whether the energy deposited by SNe initiates a large-scale outflow or gas circulation on smaller scales - between discs and intermediate haloes - depends on SN rate and their distribution in space and time. We consider here gas circulation by disc-wide unclustered SNe with galactic star formation rate (SFR) in the range from ≃6 × 10-4 to ≃6 × 10-2 M☉ yr-1 kpc-2, corresponding to mid-to-high star formation (SF) observed in galaxies. We show that such disc-wide SN explosion regime can form circulation of warm (T ̃ 104 K) and cold (T < 103 K) phases within a few gas scale heights, and elevation of hot (T > 105 K) gas at higher (z > 1 kpc) heights. We found that the threshold energy input rate for hot gas outflows with disc-wide SN explosions is estimated to be of the order ̃4 × 10-4 erg s-1 cm-2. We discuss the observational manifestations of such phenomena in optical and X-ray bands. In particular, we found that for face-on galaxies with SF (Σ _{_SF}> 0.02 M_☉ yr-1 kpc-2), the line profiles of ions typical for warm gas show a double-peak shape, corresponding to out-of-plane outflows. In the X-ray bands, galaxies with high SFRs (Σ _{_SF}> 0.006 M_☉ yr-1 kpc-2) can be bright, with a smooth surface brightness in low-energy bands (0.1-0.3 keV) and patchy at higher energies (1.6-8.3 keV).
Description:	Open Access
URI:	http://hdl.handle.net/2289/7261
ISSN:	0035-8711 1365-2966 - (online)
Alternative Location:	https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2019MNRAS.486.3685V/abstract https://arxiv.org/abs/1901.00821 https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz1099
Copyright:	2019 The Author(s)
Appears in Collections:	Research Papers (A&A)

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