Creation, characterization, and manipulation of quantum entanglement in a photonic system

Abstract

Quantum superposition and entanglement are the quintessential characteristics of quantum mechanics and play an invaluable role in most quantum information processing protocols. In the existing literature, they have often been the subject of intense debate due to their counter-intuitive characteristics. While the former refers to the possibility of a quantum system simultaneously being in two (or more) different states, the latter can be seen as the superposition of the states of two (or more) different systems (or two properties of the same system) in such a correlated manner that their joint state cannot be factorised into the state of individual systems. Quantum entanglement is a non-classical correlation shared among quantum systems, which is now seen as an indispensable resource in quantum computation and communication.