The Experiments That Led to the Nobel Prize in Physics 2022

Abstract

The Nobel Prize in Physics 2022 has been awarded to John F. Clauser, Alain Aspect, and Anton Zeilinger, with each sharing 1/3rd of the prize. The prize has been awarded for experiments with entangled photons, establishing the violation of Bell inequalities and pioneering quantum information science. In this article, we aim to understand the physics and technologies behind the experiments that led to the prize. While each experimental contribution is seminal, we attempt to understand what makes them different from each other, what makes each of them unique, and how they have led to the burgeoning field of quantum science and technologies.