Nonreciprocal electrical transport in linear systems with balanced gain and loss in the bulk

Abstract

We investigate electrical transport in a quantum wire of 𝑁 sites connected to an equal number (𝑁𝑖/2) of sources and drains of charges in bulk. Each source and drain injects and extracts charges at the same rate, respectively. We show that the linear-response electrical current is nonreciprocal in such a system when the arrangement of sources and drains breaks the system's parity. We prove that inelastic scattering is essential for nonreciprocity in this system. For this, we invoke a master equation description of classical charge transport in a similar system. The nonreciprocal current in quantum wire matches that in the classical model for 𝑁𝑖/𝑁∼1, generating a finite scattering length much smaller than the length of the wire. The nonreciprocity in the quantum wire oscillates with wire length when 𝑁𝑖/𝑁≪1, and it can vanish at specific lengths.